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Track Massachusetts tax residency
Track your days and understand Massachusetts residency requirements for tax purposes
Overview
Massachusetts residency requirements for taxes
183-Day Rule and Domicile Test for Massachusetts Income Tax
Massachusetts tax residency is determined by two primary methods: the 183-day rule and the domicile test. You're considered a resident for Massachusetts income tax purposes if you spend more than 183 days in the state during the tax year and maintain a permanent place of abode. Alternatively, if Massachusetts is your domicile - your true, fixed, and permanent home - you're a resident regardless of time spent in the state. Understanding these tests is crucial, as your residency status affects various aspects of taxation, including income tax, capital gains tax in Massachusetts, and potentially the Massachusetts estate tax.
Determining Domicile for Massachusetts Tax Purposes
Domicile is a complex concept that goes beyond physical presence. The Massachusetts Department of Revenue, much like the IRS in Massachusetts, considers various factors to determine domicile. These include the location of your family home, voter registration, professional licenses, and community ties. If you're claiming a change of domicile from Massachusetts to another state, be prepared to provide clear evidence of your intent to establish a new permanent home elsewhere. This is particularly important for high-income individuals who may be subject to the Massachusetts millionaires tax, which applies an additional tax on income over $1 million for residents.
Part-Year Residency and Non-Resident Massachusetts Income Tax
Massachusetts recognizes part-year residency for individuals who move into or out of the state during the tax year. Part-year residents must file Form 1-NR/PY, reporting income from all sources while a resident, plus Massachusetts-source income earned as a non-resident. Non-residents who earn income from Massachusetts sources, including those working in Boston, must also file this form. Understanding your residency status is crucial for accurate tax reporting, whether you're dealing with Massachusetts income tax, capital gains tax, or other tax obligations.
Special Considerations for Massachusetts Tax Residency
When applying the 183-day rule, Massachusetts counts any part of a day spent in the state as a full day, with few exceptions. Days in Massachusetts solely for medical treatment or due to terminal illness are not counted. For active-duty military, days spent in the state under military orders are excluded. Keep detailed records of your whereabouts to support your day count if questioned. Remember, the 183-day test applies only if you also maintain a permanent place of abode in Massachusetts. This is particularly important for non-residents subject to Massachusetts income tax or those dealing with mass non-resident income tax obligations.
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